This treatment program was based on

This treatment program was based on the problem-solving training as described in detail by D’Zurilla and Nezu (1982) and focused on the following five components: (a) problem orientation (the cognitive and motivational set with which one approaches and recognizes problems in general); (b) problem definition and formulation (the delineation of a problem into concrete and specific terms and the identification of specific goals); (c) generation of alternatives (the production of an exhaustive list of appropriate solution possibilities); (d) decision making (the systematic evaluation of the range of alternative solutions regarding consequences and the selection of the most optimal choices); and (e) solution implementation and verification (the monitoring and evaluation of the actual solution outcome after its implementation).