Fermentation is the primary techniq

Fermentation is the primary technique for the production of various enzymes. Both fungi and bacteria yield an invaluable array of enzymes when fermented on appropriate substrates. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation are used for enzyme production. SmF is usually implemented in case of bacterial enzyme production, due to the requirement of higher water potential (Chahal, 1983). SSF is preferred when enzymes have to be extracted from fungi, which require lesser water potential (Troller and Christian, 1978). More that 75% of the industrial enzymes are produced using SmF, one of the major reasons being that SmF supports the utilization of genetically modified organisms to a greater extent than SSF. Another reason why SmF is widely used is the lack of paraphernalia regarding the production of various enzymes using SSF. This is highly critical due to the fact that the metabolism exhibited by microorganisms is different in SSF and SmF