States remain, however, crucial pla

States remain, however, crucial players in the transnational movement of people, labor, ideas, and loyalties. The expanding transnational spaces that now stretch across ocean and continents and also have become important targets for governmental intervention and attempts to retain or renew loyalty to the “old” country. In her contribution to this volume. One shows that alongside highly educated Chinese transpacific, multisited families, there is a large and impoverished and marginalised group of Chinese migrants seeking entry into North America. Such heterogenous groups have widely different relationship with the Chinese state and are treated vey differently by North American authorities.