the authors formulate the problem in game-theoretic terms and examine the conditions under which such knowledge may be ineffectively transferred, resulting in inefficient It investment decisions. the next paper in this Special Section was contributed by hoon S. cha, David E. Pingry, and Matt E. thatcher and is on another topic that has also been often studied by authors who have published in JMIS—It outsourcing [3, 25, 28]. their paper is titled “a learning Model of Information technology Outsourcing: