Measurement Three measures, the Nau

Measurement
Three measures, the Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy Instrument (NVPI) , the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS), and the Edinburgh Posttnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), were used to measure the severity of NVP, worry levels,and anxirty , respectively. Demographic, maternal/obstetrical,psychological (depression history, stressors in pregnancy, and supports ) and behavioral (pregnancy planning,smoking,drinking, and substancemisuse) variables that were reported in the literatnre to be related to NVP were also included from the self-report questionaires for analysis.