All the participating countries hav

All the participating countries have currently a day-ahead, intra-day and balancing
market, with the exception that balancing market is not yet opened in Korea
Regarding DER, they most often can not have a direct access to these markets. Each
market has its rules with a minimum tradable power or capacity and DER units are
usually too small to participate. This is why they need aggregation. A large enough set of
DER can become able to act directly in the markets. That type of aggregation is already
used mainly to aggregate DG units, but there are also a few examples, for example in
the USA, where DR is also aggregated