The three gurus are Deming, Juran and Crosby. Deming helped management understand that most quality problems are caused by the processes and systems, not the workers. Deming motivated the usage of statistical quality control tools for differentiating between common and special causes of variation. Juran contributed to the quality movement by creating a focus on the definition and costs of quality. Crosby’s contribution is a result of his argument that quality is free, which is based on that idea that many costs of quality are hard to quantify.