One approach (the explication appro

One approach (the explication approach) is the definition of a formalized language which is utilized by the user to describe his profile. This approach has been implemented in the IF prototypes Rama [Binkley 1991], Borges V2 [Smeaton 1996] and Sift [Yan 2000]. The main problem with this approach is that users are often not capable of specifying their information demand properly. There are two main reasons for this: Firstly, it is difficult for a user to explicate required criteria. Secondly, the formalized language has to be powerful enough to deal with the challenges of natural language processing like flexions of words1 , synonyms and polysems.