The methods of estrus detection used in this study included a computerized system
which used increased walking activity and an accompanying decrease in milk production
(Afimilk1, S.A.E. Afikim, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel), as well as daily visual observations of
the cows. A specific individual was assigned the duty of observing these cows for estrus
during each 8-h shift. Thus, the cows were continuously observed for estrus.