Plotting the samples on a piper dia

Plotting the samples on a piper diagram (Figure 2c) and integrating the interpretation of the phases of freshening and intrusion (Al-Agha and El-Nakhal 2004) confirms that in the central diamond-shaped field there is an evolutionary trend for each stage of the process (intrusion and
freshening), but it is difficult to recognize the sequence of facies in detail and therefore the succession and interpretation of processes. In contrast, this is possible using the HFE-D.