The membrane units, pretreatment an

The membrane units, pretreatment and post-treatment are
examined to explore the engineering process of membrane applications
herein. The widely used membrane separation technologies
in industrial wastewater treatment include RO, ultrafiltration (UF),
and Membrane bioreactor (MBR). RO membrane manufacturing is
standardized and the operation is very stable. RO is the finest separation
membrane process with pore sizes ranging from 0.0001 m
to 0.001 m. The disadvantage of RO is that it requires substantial
pretreatment. If the permeate only pass one RO membrane, the
method is refereed as single RO. It the permeate passes two RO
membranes, the method is defined as double RO. UF is a variety
of membrane filtration to perform separation via a semipermeable
membrane by forces like pressure or concentration. Pore size of UF
is between 0.01 m and 0.1 m. Solutes of high molecular weight
are retained while water and low molecular weight solutes pass
through the membrane. UF is cable to filter suspended solids and
microbe so that RO membrane is protected from these pollutants.
The facility with UF pretreatment will use much less area and the
quality of generated water is very stable. MBR is the combination