Table 1 presents some rough measures of the
“intensity” of formal technology transfers in some
industry and country groups in 1982. The variables
LJCENSEILABOR and CAPIMPILABOR proxy the
technology imports per employee in US MOFAs, and
the variables LJCENSEISALES and CAPIMPISALES
show technology imports as shares of the affiliates’
total sales. On average, the payments of royalties and
license fees amounted to about US$900 per employee
or 1.1% of the affiliates’ sales, while the imports of
capital equipment averaged US$4OO per employee or
0.5% of sales. Developing country affiliates, however,
spent more on capital equipment imports than on
payments of royalties and license fees. In fact, both
CAPIMPISALES and CAPIMPMABOR were higher
for developing countries than for developed countries.