findings suggest the modified expec

findings suggest the modified expectancy theory (expec-tancy, extrinsic and intrinsic instrumentality, extrinsic and intrinsic valence) would enhance understanding of hotel employee motivation ( Fig. 1). Expectancy led hotel employees to believe their effort will lead to desired performance. Instrumentality is the belief that if a hotel employee meets performance expectations, he or she will receive a greater reward, particularly for intrinsic instrumentality.