Forgiveness research has focused al

Forgiveness research has focused almost exclusively on individualistic
Western culture despite acknowledgement of the importance of cultural
factors. Conflict at work is common yet studies of forgiveness in work
contexts are rare, as are qualitative studies. Addressing these short-comings,
this study examines the forgiveness process as experienced by Thai nurses
in a hospital within a collectivist culture heavily influenced by Buddhism.
Thirty nurses were interviewed about a situation at work where the need for
forgiveness arose. Qualitative methods were used to identify participants'
cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in relation to the offensive event.
Definitions of forgiveness were also elicited. Four continuous stages of the
forgiveness process emerged: an experiencing stage, re-attribution stage,
forgiveness stage, and behavioral stage. There were similarities with
Western individualistic models but also some important differences related
to Buddhism and Thai culture. Five dimensions of forgiveness emerged
from the Thai definitions: overcoming negative approaches towards the
offender, abandonment of negative judgment, fostering of positive
approaches and loving-kindness towards the offender, awareness of the
benefits of forgiveness, and forgiveness as incorporated within Buddhist
beliefs. The results highlight the need to consider cultural influences when
examining concepts like forgiveness.