Environmental health inequalities are evident especially in context of housing and neighborhood. This article focuses on housing and on the question to which extent substandard housing mediates social and spatial inequalities in the distribution of health. The causes and extent of bad conditions in dwellings and the neighborhood environment, determined from empirical data, correlations of effects with social and health inequalities determined, and their relevance for healthy housing programs are discussed. Local initiatives and national programs which promote good-quality housing and improve health opportunities for the population regardless of social status, gender, age, ethnicity, are presenting in the following paper.